9.2.1.1 Principles and experimental implementation of STM

Chapter Concepts

Properties	crystal structure; lattice parameter; photoemission spectrum; radiation; scanning tunneling microscopy image; surface structure; x-ray diffraction
Keywords	electron tunneling; introduction; surface

Source

Title	9.2.1.1 Principles and experimental implementation of STM
In	9.2.1 Introduction
Author	R. J. Hamers
Part of	Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter
	Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology
Volume	24D: Interaction of Radiation with Surfaces and Electron Tunneling
Edited by	G. Chiarotti
Chapter-DOI	10.1007/10119615_61
Book-DOI	10.1007/b51875 (Volume in Bookshelf)

Cite as

RIS-Export	Hamers, R. J.: 9.2.1.1 Principles and experimental implementation of STM. Chiarotti, G. (ed.). SpringerMaterials - The Landolt-Börnstein Database (http://www.springermaterials.com). DOI: 10.1007/10119615_61

Abstract

	9.2.1.1 Principles and experimental implementation of STM in '9.2.1 Introduction', part of 'Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, Volume 24D: Interaction of Radiation with Surfaces and Electron Tunneling'.
	This chapter provides an introduction to principles and experimental implementation of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The increasing popularity of the STM arises from its ability to probe a variety of conductive flat surfaces and its unique ability to simultaneously probe both the geometry and the electronic properties of surfaces with atomic spatial resolution. This chapter summarizes some of the major findings for various surfaces from the inception of STM. The physical basis of the STM is the quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons between an extremely sharp tip and the surface of a sample of interest. In the STM, the tip is mounted on piezoelectric transducers which allow it to be positioned in three dimensions with respect to the sample. Thus, in order to effectively use the STM it is necessary to be able to maintain a constant tunnel gap separation to within a few hundredths of an angstrom over time periods of many seconds or minutes. The effects of external vibrations on the STM can be minimized to a great extent through the design of the STM itself, primarily by making a microscope physically small and mechanically rigid. Most ultrahigh vacuum STM systems have the entire vacuum system vibrationally isolated from the floor, and also have a second stage of vibration isolation inside the vacuum system.

9.2.1.1 Principles and experimental implementation of STM in '9.2.1 Introduction', part of 'Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, Volume 24D: Interaction of Radiation with Surfaces and Electron Tunneling'.

This chapter provides an introduction to principles and experimental implementation of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The increasing popularity of the STM arises from its ability to probe a variety of conductive flat surfaces and its unique ability to simultaneously probe both the geometry and the electronic properties of surfaces with atomic spatial resolution. This chapter summarizes some of the major findings for various surfaces from the inception of STM. The physical basis of the STM is the quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons between an extremely sharp tip and the surface of a sample of interest. In the STM, the tip is mounted on piezoelectric transducers which allow it to be positioned in three dimensions with respect to the sample. Thus, in order to effectively use the STM it is necessary to be able to maintain a constant tunnel gap separation to within a few hundredths of an angstrom over time periods of many seconds or minutes. The effects of external vibrations on the STM can be minimized to a great extent through the design of the STM itself, primarily by making a microscope physically small and mechanically rigid. Most ultrahigh vacuum STM systems have the entire vacuum system vibrationally isolated from the floor, and also have a second stage of vibration isolation inside the vacuum system.

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